Contributions of social participation to the dynamic balance, mobility, and muscle strength of different age groups of older people: a cross-sectional study / Contribuições da participação social para equilíbrio dinâmico, mobilidade e força muscular de diferentes faixas etárias de idosos: um estudo transversal / Contribuciones de la participación social al equilibrio dinámico, la movilidad y la fuerza muscular de diferentes grupos de edad de ancianos: un estudio transversal

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the contributions of social participation in health promotion groups and regular physical exercise programs to the physical and functional performance of different age groups of community-dwelling older adults. This is a cross-sectional study including 266 older adults. Physical and functional performances (dependent variables) were characterized based on dynamic balance (alternate step test), mobility (timed up and go test), upper (handgrip dynamometer) and lower limbs muscle strength (Sit-to-stand test). Participants were questioned about active social participation in primary care groups and in physical exercise programs. The data were analyzed by linear regressions. Among individuals aged over 80 years, women participated in less health promotion groups and both sexes practiced less physical exercise. Age combined with regular exercise significantly explained 18.7% of dynamic balance and 22.8% of lower limb muscle strength in women. Despite social participation, for men, age alone explained 11.9% of lower limb strength and 11.5% of mobility. Therefore, social participation in physical exercise programs was a protective factor for these physical and functional differences between women's age groups. Among men, mobility and lower limb strength performance reduced with aging, regardless of social participation.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as contribuições da participação social em grupos de promoção de saúde e programas de exercícios físicos regulares para o desempenho físico e funcional de idosos comunitários de diferentes faixas etárias. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo transversal com 266 idosos. O desempenho físico e funcional (variáveis dependentes) foi caracterizado com base no equilíbrio dinâmico (teste de degrau alternado), na mobilidade (teste timed up and go), na força muscular dos membros superiores (dinamômetro de preensão manual) e inferiores (teste de sentar e levantar). Os participantes foram questionados sobre sua participação social ativa em grupos de atenção primária e em programas de exercícios físicos. Os dados foram analisados por regressões lineares. Entre os indivíduos com 80 anos ou mais, as mulheres participaram menos de grupos de promoção de saúde, e ambos os sexos praticaram menos exercícios físicos. A idade combinada com o exercício regular explicou significativamente 18,7% do equilíbrio dinâmico e 22,8% da força muscular dos membros inferiores em mulheres. Para os participantes do sexo masculino, independentemente da participação social, apenas a idade explicou 11,9% da força dos membros inferiores e 11,5% da mobilidade. Verificou-se que a participação social em programas de exercícios físicos foi um fator protetor, entre as mulheres, para essas diferenças físicas e funcionais entre faixas etárias. Entre os homens, o desempenho de mobilidade e força dos membros inferiores foi piorando conforme o aumento da idade, independentemente da participação social.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las contribuciones de la participación social en grupos de promoción de la salud y en programas de ejercicio físico regular para el desempeño físico y funcional de ancianos residentes en comunidad de diferentes grupos de edad. Para ello, se realizó un estudio transversal con 266 ancianos. El rendimiento físico y funcional (variables dependientes) se caracterizó con base en el equilibrio dinámico (prueba de escalón alterno), en la movilidad (prueba timed up and go), en la fuerza muscular de los miembros superiores (dinamómetro de agarre manual) y miembros inferiores (prueba de levantarse y sentarse). Las preguntas del cuestionario versaban sobre la participación social activa de los encuestados en grupos de atención primaria y en programas de ejercicio físico. Los datos se analizaron mediante regresiones lineales. Entre las personas de 80 años o más, las mujeres participaban menos en los grupos de promoción de la salud y ambos sexos practicaban menos ejercicio físico. La combinación edad y ejercicio regular explicó significativamente el 18,7% del equilibrio dinámico y el 22,8% de la fuerza muscular de los miembros inferiores en las mujeres. Para los participantes del sexo masculino, independientemente de la participación social, la edad por sí sola explicó el 11,9% de la fuerza de los miembros inferiores y el 11,5% de la movilidad. Se encontró que la participación social en programas de ejercicio físico fue un factor protector entre las mujeres para estas diferencias físicas y funcionales entre los grupos de edad. Entre los hombres, el rendimiento de la movilidad y fuerza de las extremidades inferiores empeoró conforme el aumento de la edad, independientemente de la participación social.

Outcome measurement instruments for erythema associated with incontinence-associated dermatitis: Systematic review.

AIM: To: (a) examine which outcome measurement instruments for erythema associated with incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) with supporting evidence about measurement properties are available; (b) evaluate the methodological quality of the studies and the quality of the measurement properties; and (c) identify eligible instruments to measure erythema in incontinence-associated dermatitis research. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and CENTRAL were systematically searched until July 2018 (update December 2018). Additional input was gathered from 151 incontinence-associated dermatitis experts. Cited and citing references of included studies were screened. REVIEW METHODS: The COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist was applied to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. Reported measurement properties were rated against criteria for good measurement properties. RESULTS: Fourteen studies, describing 10 measurement instruments, were included. In five instruments, erythema was captured as a separate concept, two studies provided empirical evidence about the measurement properties. The most studied measurement properties were reliability (9 studies), measurement error (4 studies) and criterion validity (4 studies). In one study, internal consistency was examined. CONCLUSION: No instrument measuring exclusively erythema associated with incontinence-associated dermatitis exists. There is no single composite incontinence-associated dermatitis measurement instrument that outperforms others. Development or adaption of an instrument to measure erythema associated with incontinence-associated dermatitis is one option to solve this challenge. IMPACT: The evidence about measurement properties of instruments measuring erythema associated with incontinence-associated dermatitis has not been summarized to date. The lack of an instrument should trigger activities to measure this domain accurately in future clinical trials.

Prevalence and associated factors of intertrigo in aged nursing home residents: a multi-center cross-sectional prevalence study.

BACKGROUND: In geriatric and long-term care settings, intertrigo seems to be common, but generalizable epidemiological estimates are lacking. Aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of intertrigo in aged nursing home residents and to identify possible relationships with demographic and health characteristics. METHODS: A cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted between September 2014 and May 2015 in a random sample of ten institutional long-term care facilities in Berlin, Germany. In total 223, aged long-term care residents were included. Mean age was 83.6 (SD 8.0) years and mean Barthel score was 45.1 (SD 23.8). Board certified dermatologists and study assistants performed skin assessments and measurements according to standard operating procedures. Mean differences and odds ratios between residents with and without intertrigo were calculated. RESULTS: The prevalence of intertrigo was 16.1% (95% CI 11.6 to 21.2%). The submammary fold was most often affected (9.9%), followed by the inguinal region (9.4%), axilla (0.5%) and abdominal region (0.5%). Increased age was statistically significantly associated with the presence of intertrigo (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.10). Care dependency in bathing activities was associated with intertrigo. Obesity, sex and skin functional parameters were not associated with intertrigo. CONCLUSIONS: Every sixth nursing home resident was affected by intertrigo indicating the high load of this skin condition in this population. Older age seems to be associated with intertrigo. Care dependency in bathing activities was likely to be associated with intertrigo. Structured skin care regimens are needed to prevent and treat intertrigo in this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02216526 . Registration date: 8th November 2014.